GetNyay Data · India crime data tracker
The conviction rate is 53.3%. It describes 8.6% of the cases.
The National Crime Records Bureau publishes a conviction rate and a chargesheeting rate, and both are quoted as though they described what happens to a reported crime. Neither does. This page says what each rate is a rate of, and carries every NCRB crime head across to the section of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita that replaced it.
How much crime does India record, and how much of it ends in a conviction?
NCRB recorded 58,85,867 cognizable crimes in 2024, of which 35,44,608 were offences under the Penal Code or the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.[3] The police chargesheeted 72.1% of the cases they finished with, and the courts convicted in 53.3% of the trials they completed.[2] Neither figure is the chance that a reported crime ends in a conviction: measured against every case that was before a criminal court during the year, convictions were 4.6%.GetNyay calculation
Key takeaways
- NCRB recorded 35,44,608 cognizable IPC and BNS offences in 2024, and 58,85,867 including Special and Local Laws.
- The chargesheeting rate of 72.1% is chargesheets over the cases the police finished with — not over cases registered. The conviction rate of 53.3% is convictions over trials completed, not over cases registered. Neither is the chance that a reported crime ends in a conviction.
- Of the 1.84 crore cases before the criminal courts during 2024, 8.6% reached the end of a trial and 4.6% ended in a conviction. 86% of that caseload was inherited from earlier years.
- NCRB reported a 6.0% fall in registered crime. It also stopped counting three crime heads worth about 4.64 lakh cases when last counted, because the BNS made them non-cognizable.
What happens to 100 cases
NCRB publishes cases registered, chargesheeted, tried and convicted, and the rates between them. It never draws the shape. Drawn, the shape is the finding.
This is not one hundred cases followed through time. The trial figures are dominated by cases registered in earlier years — 15.9 million of the 18.4 million cases before the courts in 2024 were carried in from before it — so the police stages and the court stages are measured against different populations, and each stage above says which. A case registered in 2024 does not usually reach a verdict in 2024.
Registered
35,44,608A cognizable IPC or BNS offence recorded by the police during 2024. Cases the police never registered are not in this data at all.[1]
Investigated
35,44,501Almost every registered case is investigated: NCRB records only 107 cases nationally as not investigated. The attrition is not here.[1]
Chargesheeted
25,40,668The police completed the investigation and sent the case to court. The other 28 were closed with a final report — most of them recorded as true but without enough evidence to charge anyone.[1]
Trial completed
15,84,487This is the collapse. Of every 100 cases a criminal court was holding during 2024 — the 15.9 million carried in from earlier years plus the 2.5 million that arrived — fewer than nine reached the end of a trial.[2]
Convicted
8,45,098Convictions as a share of everything the courts were holding. NCRB’s published conviction rate of 53.3% is this number measured only against the trials that finished.[2]
Crime did not fall by six per cent
NCRB's own summary for 2024 reports a fall. In the same volume, its glossary records that three crime heads stopped being counted.
“It shows a decrease of 3,55,702 (6.0%) in registration of cases over 2023 (62,41,569 Cases). Crime rate registered per lakh population has decreased from 448.3 in 2023 to 418.9 in 2024.”[3]
That is arithmetically correct on the figures as published. But 2024 is the first year those figures exclude three heads the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita makes non-cognizable. NCRB says so in its glossary: “Keeping in view of notification of new criminal law BNS, non-cognizable offences viz, Voluntarily causing Simple Hurt (Section 323 IPC), Offences relating to Adulteration or sale of food/drugs (272-276 IPC) and Criminal intimidation (Section 506 IPC) heads have been excluded.”[3]
When those heads were last counted they carried 4,63,864 cases between them.GetNyay calculation We are not estimating 2024 — nobody can, because they are no longer collected. The point is narrower: a fall cannot be read as a fall in offending when the counting rule changed in the same year, in the same direction, by that order of magnitude. The same volume also splits the year between two statutes — 19,03,047 offences under the Penal Code to 30 June and 16,41,561 under the Sanhita after it, inside the same heads.
The three heads no longer counted
| Head | Section | Last count (2022) |
|---|---|---|
| Voluntarily Causing Simple Hurt | s. 323 IPC | 3,08,238 |
| Offences relating to Adulteration or Sale of Food and Drugs | ss. 272–276 IPC | 4,694 |
| Criminal Intimidation | s. 506 IPC | 1,50,932 |
Last published counts, Crime in India 2022 Table 1.2. These are not 2024 figures and are not estimates of 2024 figures — the heads are not collected any more.
Recorded crime since 1981
The rate of recorded crime per lakh of population, as far back as NCRB publishes it. The line stops before the last point on purpose.
Cognizable Penal Code and Sanhita crime rate per lakh, 1981 to 2024
Per lakh of NCRB's projected population. The series is broken at the last point because the basis changed.
The rate rose through the 2010s to a peak of 314.3 per lakh in 2020 and stands at 252.3 in 2024. The 2024 point is drawn detached rather than joined, because it counts two statutes and three fewer crime heads than every point before it. Joining it would draw a fall that is partly a change in the counting rule.
Crime in India 2024, Volume I, at-a-glance series, and Table 1.1 for the final year. Rates are per lakh of a population projection made in 2020 from the 2011 Census; there has been no census since.[3]
The gap between charging and convicting
Police complete an investigation far more often than a court convicts. How far apart the two sit is a State-level fact, and the spread is extraordinary.
Chargesheeting rate against conviction rate, by State and Union Territory, 2024
Sorted by the gap between the two, widest first. Both are percentages, on their own denominators.
- Chargesheeting rate (of cases police disposed of)
- Conviction rate (of trials completed)
West Bengal has the widest gap: 90.6% of cases chargesheeted against 7.1% of completed trials ending in conviction. The gap runs the other way in 6 jurisdictions, including Delhi, where a low chargesheeting rate sits beside a high conviction rate — so this is a difference between two percentages on two different denominators, not a measure of cases falling away. States/UTs may not be compared purely on the basis of crime figures.
Crime in India 2024, State and UT tables.[3] NCRB marks Manipur’s pending-investigation data provisional, pending clarifications from the State. Manipur’s 10.4% chargesheeting rate — the lowest in India — rests on that provisional base, and NCRB prints the State with an asterisk.
| State or UT | Registered | Rate per lakh | Chargesheeted | Convicted | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | 4,30,552 | 180.2 | 76.7% | 84.5% | -7.8 |
| Maharashtra | 3,83,044 | 300.0 | 75.6% | 50.9% | 24.7 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 2,82,874 | 321.6 | 83.7% | 37.3% | 46.4 |
| Delhi | 2,75,402 | 1258.5 | 31.9% | 74.1% | -42.2 |
| Bihar | 2,38,753 | 184.8 | 73.4% | 39% | 34.4 |
| Rajasthan | 2,13,352 | 259.6 | 49.1% | 45.9% | 3.2 |
| Tamil Nadu | 1,97,149 | 255.5 | 74.4% | 61% | 13.4 |
| Telangana | 1,90,704 | 497.7 | 73.8% | 60.4% | 13.4 |
| Kerala | 1,84,528 | 513.0 | 94.5% | 83.4% | 11.1 |
| Odisha | 1,71,193 | 366.9 | 75.1% | 30.1% | 45.0 |
| Gujarat | 1,65,419 | 227.7 | 90.2% | 56.2% | 34.0 |
| West Bengal | 1,57,909 | 158.3 | 90.6% | 7.1% | 83.5 |
| Karnataka | 1,38,784 | 203.3 | 74.6% | 42.3% | 32.3 |
| Andhra Pradesh | 1,16,076 | 217.4 | 87.2% | 44.1% | 43.1 |
| Haryana | 1,13,101 | 368.5 | 44.3% | 24.9% | 19.4 |
| Chhattisgarh | 72,410 | 236.3 | 78.5% | 30.6% | 47.9 |
| Punjab | 47,677 | 153.8 | 68.7% | 34.7% | 34.0 |
| Jharkhand | 47,250 | 117.7 | 64.8% | 30.8% | 34.0 |
| Assam | 39,816 | 110.1 | 64.1% | 22.3% | 41.8 |
| Jammu & Kashmir | 22,577 | 164.4 | 78% | 51.4% | 26.6 |
| Uttarakhand | 15,853 | 134.4 | 67.1% | 61% | 6.1 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 12,071 | 160.6 | 80.7% | 22.1% | 58.6 |
| Manipur | 4,572 | 140.2 | 10.4% | 33.3% | -22.9 |
| Chandigarh | 3,621 | 290.4 | 63.6% | 46.7% | 16.9 |
| Puducherry | 3,515 | 207.4 | 91% | 87.9% | 3.1 |
| Meghalaya | 3,233 | 95.5 | 20.8% | 25.4% | -4.6 |
| Tripura | 2,994 | 71.4 | 74.3% | 29.6% | 44.7 |
| Mizoram | 2,701 | 215.7 | 67.7% | 95.6% | -27.9 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 2,479 | 156.9 | 53.9% | 34% | 19.9 |
| Goa | 2,121 | 133.8 | 73.9% | 17.1% | 56.8 |
| Nagaland | 802 | 35.5 | 58.1% | 57.2% | 0.9 |
| D&N Haveli and Daman & Diu | 540 | 38.9 | 63.4% | 8.4% | 55.0 |
| A&N Islands | 522 | 129.2 | 86.8% | 29.6% | 57.2 |
| Sikkim | 507 | 72.7 | 39.9% | 20.3% | 19.6 |
| Ladakh | 460 | 152.3 | 75.6% | 87.5% | -11.9 |
| Lakshadweep | 47 | 68.1 | 52.3% | 50% | 2.3 |
Every crime head, and the section in force today
NCRB’s crime heads were built on the Indian Penal Code, and the Penal Code was replaced on 1 July 2024. This table carries each head across to the provision that governs it now. Where a head does not map to a single section, the row says so rather than forcing a match — those are the informative rows.
Largest crime heads by cases registered, 2024
The 10 largest heads, with the remaining 58 grouped.
The 10 largest named heads account for 23,85,786 of the 35,44,608 cases registered. The remainder holds 58 heads and NCRB’s own residual bucket, “Other BNS/IPC crimes”, which alone outranks every head below third place — we keep a bucket out of a ranking of offences.
Crime in India 2024, crime-head tables.[3] Heads excluded from 2024 under the Sanhita are not shown here; they are in the section above.
| Crime head | Sections, as NCRB defines the head | Mapping | Cases 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rape | Section 64 to Section 71 BNS / Section 376 IPCNCRB defines the head as the whole range BNS 64 to 71 — eight provisions, from the punishment for rape to gang rape — so the figure is not a count of BNS 64 cases and is not attached to our BNS 64 page. The MHA concordance maps s. 376 IPC alone to BNS 64 and 65(1); the rest of the range answers to ss. 376A to 376E. | Several sections | 29,536 |
| Attempt to Commit Rape | Section 64-68,70-71 r/w Sec 62 BNS Sec 376 r/w 511 IPCSeven substantive provisions read with the attempt section, BNS 62. There is no single section for attempted rape. | Several sections | 2,561 |
| Sexual Intercourse by employing deceitful means | Section 69 BNSBNS 69 is new: the MHA concordance lists it among the provisions with no IPC predecessor, which is why the head has no IPC column and no figures before 2024. | One section | 1,325 |
| Disclosure of Identity of Victim | Section 72(1) BNSCounted under sub-section 72(1) only. We have no BNS 72 page. | Sub-section | 11 |
| Assault or use of Criminal Force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty | Section 74 BNS/Sec 354 IPCThe glossary defines this head as s. 74 BNS alone; the rest of the old s. 354 family (354A to 354D) is counted under separate heads at Sl 6 to 9. The MHA concordance agrees: s. 354 IPC maps to BNS 74 and nothing else. | One section | 48,303 |
| Sexual Harassment | Section 75 BNS/ Section 354A IPC | One section | 15,609 |
| Assault or Use of criminal force to women with intent to disrobe | Section 76 BNS / Section 354B IPC | One section | 8,409 |
| Voyeurism | Section 77 BNS /Section 354C IPC | One section | 1,722 |
| Stalking | Section 78 BNS /Section 354D IPC | One section | 9,865 |
| Insult modesty of women | Section 79 BNS/Section 509 IPC | One section | 9,338 |
| Dowry Death | Section 80 BNS /Section 304B IPC | One section | 5,737 |
| Cruelty by Husband or Relatives | Section 85 BNS /Section 498-A IPC | One section | 1,20,227 |
| Kidnapping, abducting or inducing Women to compel her for marriage | Section 87 BNS /Section 366 IPC | One section | 28,949 |
| Offences of Miscarriage | Section 89 and 90 BNS /Section 313 and 314 IPCTwo sections: causing miscarriage without the woman’s consent (89) and death caused by an act done with intent to cause miscarriage (90). | Several sections | 299 |
| Foeticide | Section 91 BNS /Section 315 IPC | One section | 140 |
| Infanticide | Section 92 BNS /Section 316 IPCA trap for anyone reading section numbers across the two Codes: the IPC section here is 316, and BNS 316 is criminal breach of trust, an unrelated offence at Sl 71. | One section | 56 |
| Exposure and Abandonment | Section 93 & 94 BNS /Section 317 & 318 IPCTwo sections. Note again the numbering trap: IPC 318 is concealment of birth, while BNS 318 is cheating. | Several sections | 737 |
| Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence | Section 95 BNSNew in the BNS; no IPC predecessor in the MHA concordance. | One section | 1 |
| Procuration of Children | Section 96 BNS /Section 366A IPC | One section | 1,673 |
| Kidnapping or abducting child with intent to steal from its persons | Section 97 BNS/Section 369 IPC | One section | 16 |
| Selling of Child for prostitution | Section 98 BNS /Section 372 IPC | One section | 12 |
| Buying of Child for prostitution | Section 99 BNS /Section 373 IPC | One section | 4 |
| Murder | Section 103 (1) BNS /Section 302 IPCThe head is narrower than the section our page covers: NCRB counts s. 103(1) only, and s. 103(2) — murder by a group of five or more — is a separate head at Sl 24. Table 1.2 prints 27,049 for “Murder” as a whole, which is this figure plus Sl 24 and Sl 25. The MHA concordance maps s. 302 IPC to BNS 103 without naming a sub-section; NCRB is the finer of the two here, and correctly so, because s. 103(2) is new. | Sub-section | 26,927 |
| Murder by Group (of 5 or more persons) | Section 103 (2) BNSA new offence with no IPC predecessor, counted under s. 103(2) alone. The head is narrower than the section our BNS 103 page covers, and the 112 cases are all from the six months the BNS was in force in 2024. | Sub-section | 112 |
| Murder by life Convict | Section 104 BNS /Section 303 IPCAnother numbering trap: IPC 303 became BNS 104, while BNS 303 is theft. | One section | 10 |
| Culpable Homicide not amounting to Murder | Section 105 BNS/Section 304 IPC | One section | 3,868 |
| Causing Death by Negligence | Section 106 BNS /Section 304-A IPC | One section | 1,69,493 |
| Abetment of Suicide | Section 107/108 BNS /Section 305/306 IPCTwo sections: abetment of the suicide of a child or a person of unsound mind (107) and abetment of suicide generally (108). The count is not a count of BNS 108 cases, so it is not attached to our BNS 108 page. | Several sections | 8,893 |
| Attempt to commit Murder | Section 109 BNS /Section 307 IPC | One section | 58,844 |
| Attempt to commit Culpable Homicide | Section 110 BNS /Section 308 IPC | One section | 13,385 |
| Organised Crime | Section 111 BNSNew in the BNS. All 840 cases fall in the six months from 1 July 2024. | One section | 840 |
| Petty organised Crime | Section 112 BNSNew in the BNS. | One section | 876 |
| Terrorist act | Section 113 BNSNew in the BNS, and it runs alongside the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act rather than replacing it, so the 24 cases are not the national count of terrorism prosecutions. | One section | 24 |
| Voluntarily Causing Grievous Hurt | Section 117(2) BNS /Section 325 IPCCounted under s. 117(2) only, not the whole of s. 117. Table 1.2 does not publish this head separately: it is inside the aggregate head “Hurt”, 441,996 cases in 2024, which spans Sl 34 to Sl 42. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Grievous hurt resulting Persistent vegetative State or Permanent Disability | Section 117(3) BNSSub-section 117(3) only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Grievous hurt caused by a group of 5 or more persons | Section 117(4) BNSSub-section 117(4) only, a provision new in the BNS. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Voluntarily causing hurt or Grievous Hurt by Dangerous weapons or means | Sec.118(1)(2) BNS /Section 324/326 IPCBoth sub-sections of s. 118 and nothing else, so the head is narrower than the section but wider than one sub-section. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Voluntarily Causing hurt or Grievous Hurt/Assault or Criminal force to deter public servant from his duty | Section 121(1)/121/(2) or 121(1/2)r/w Sec. 132 BNS) & (Section 332/333/353 IPCTwo sections, hurt to a public servant (121) read with assault to deter a public servant (132). NCRB’s own cell is malformed — “121/(2)” and an unclosed bracket — and is reproduced as printed. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Several sections | not counted |
| Acid attack | Section 124 (1) BNS /Section 326A IPCSub-section 124(1) only; 124(2) is the attempt, at Sl 40. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Attempt to Acid Attack | Section 124 (2) BNS /Section 326B IPCSub-section 124(2) only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Act endangering life or personal safety of others | Section 125 (a) (b)) & (Section 336-338 IPCClauses (a) and (b) of s. 125. The MHA concordance maps s. 336 IPC to s. 125 with no clause, and ss. 337 and 338 to 125(a) and 125(b), so NCRB’s clause pairing does not fully account for the IPC range it prints. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Other Sections of Hurt or Grievous Hurt | Section 119 (1) (2),120(1) (2),122(2) & 123) & (Section 327-331, 334-335 IPCFour sections. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Hurt” head, 441,996 cases; Table 1.2 does publish a sub-row “Other Grevious Hurt” (20,168) but does not say it is this head, so no figure is attached. | Several sections | not counted |
| Wrongful Restraint/Confinement | 126 & 127 BNS /Section 341 to 348 IPCTwo sections — restraint (126) and confinement (127) — so the figure is not a count of BNS 126 cases and is not attached to our BNS 126 page. Eight IPC sections collapsed into two BNS sections with eight sub-sections between them. | Several sections | 50,881 |
| Kidnapping and Abduction | Section 137 & 138 BNS / Section 363 IPCTwo sections, kidnapping (137) and abduction (138). Table 1.2 publishes one aggregate “Kidnapping and Abduction” head of 96,079 cases covering Sl 44 to Sl 49, and no figure for this head alone. | Several sections | not counted |
| Kidnapping and Abduction for the Purpose of Begging | Section 139 /Section 363A IPCMaps cleanly to BNS 139, but Table 1.2 counts it inside the aggregate “Kidnapping and Abduction” head, 96,079 cases, and publishes no separate figure. | One section | not counted |
| Kidnapping and Abduction in order to Murder | Section 140(1) BNS /Section 364 IPCSub-section 140(1) only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Kidnapping and Abduction” head, 96,079 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Kidnapping for Ransom, etc. | Section 140(2) BNS /Section 364A IPCSub-section 140(2) only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Kidnapping and Abduction” head, 96,079 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Importation of Girl or Boy from Foreign Country | Section 141 BNS /Section 366-B IPC (Girl upto 21 yrs Boy upto 18 yrs)Maps cleanly to BNS 141, but Table 1.2 counts it inside the aggregate “Kidnapping and Abduction” head, 96,079 cases. | One section | not counted |
| Other Kidnapping & Abduction | Sec. 140(3), 140(4), 142 BNS / Seciton 365, 367-368 IPCTwo sections and three sub-provisions. NCRB’s cell misspells “Section”; it is reproduced as printed. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Kidnapping and Abduction” head, 96,079 cases. | Several sections | not counted |
| Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India | Sec 152 BNSNew in the BNS, and the provision that occupies the ground s. 124A IPC (sedition) used to hold — the concordance records no BNS successor for s. 124A at all. Table 1.2 counts it inside one “Offences against State” head of 83 cases. | One section | not counted |
| Other offences against State | Section 147-151 & Section 153-158 BNS /Section 121,121A, 122,123 IPCEleven sections in two ranges. Counted inside Table 1.2’s single “Offences against State” head, 83 cases. | Several sections | not counted |
| Unlawful Assembly | Section 189 (2) (3) (4) /Section 143-145 IPCThree sub-sections of s. 189 and nothing else; the rest of s. 189 is counted under Rioting at Sl 53. We have no BNS 189 page. | Sub-section | 7,074 |
| Rioting | Section 190, 189(6), 189(5), 191(2),191(3) BNS) /Section 147-151 IPCThree sections, and it shares s. 189 with the Unlawful Assembly head at Sl 52 — the two heads are divided by sub-section, not by section. | Several sections | 30,348 |
| Promoting enmity between groups on ground of religion, race, place of Birth etc. | Sec 196 BNS) /Section 153A IPC | One section | 1,601 |
| Imputation, assertions prejudicial to national integration | Section 197 BNS /Section 153B IPC | One section | 40 |
| Affray | Section 194 BNSNCRB prints no IPC column for this head, although the concordance maps ss. 159 and 160 IPC to BNS 194(1) and 194(2). | One section | 5,286 |
| Household Theft (Dwelling Units/Houses) | Section 305(a) BNSClause (a) of s. 305 only. Table 1.2 publishes one aggregate “Theft” head of 621,945 cases covering Sl 57 to Sl 63, and no figure for this head alone. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Vehicle Theft | Section 305(b) / Section 379 IPCClause (b) of s. 305 only. The MHA concordance maps s. 379 IPC to BNS 303(2), not to 305, which answers to s. 380 IPC — the head’s IPC column is the punishment section for theft generally, not for theft of a vehicle. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Theft” head, 621,945 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Theft from Vehicles | Section 305(c)Clause (c) of s. 305 only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Theft” head, 621,945 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Theft of idol or icon from Place of Worship | Section 305(d)Clause (d) of s. 305 only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Theft” head, 621,945 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Theft of Government Property | Section 305(e)Clause (e) of s. 305 only. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Theft” head, 621,945 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Theft by servant/employee | Section 306 BNSMaps cleanly to BNS 306, but Table 1.2 counts it inside the aggregate “Theft” head, 621,945 cases. | One section | not counted |
| Theft / Other Theft | Section 305/307 BNS / Section 379 IPCTwo sections. Nothing in NCRB’s glossary is defined as BNS 303 alone, so the Theft page in our cluster has no head of its own: the aggregate “Theft” head in Table 1.2, 621,945 cases, spans BNS 303 to 307 across Sl 57 to Sl 63. | Several sections | not counted |
| Snatching | Section 304 BNSNew in the BNS; all 12,644 cases fall in the six months from 1 July 2024, which is why the head has no 2023 figure to be compared with. | One section | 12,644 |
| Extortion | Section 308 BNS /Section 384-389 IPCSix IPC sections collapsed into the sub-sections of one BNS section, so on the BNS side it maps cleanly. We have no BNS 308 page. | One section | 12,119 |
| Robbery | Section 309 (4), 309(6), 311 BNS/Section 392/394/397 IPCTwo sections, and s. 311 is shared with the Dacoity head at Sl 67, so the two heads cannot be added without double counting the provision. | Several sections | 23,145 |
| Dacoity | Section 310 (2 & 3)/311 BNS / Section 395-397 IPCTwo sections, sharing s. 311 with Robbery at Sl 66. | Several sections | 2,393 |
| Attempt to Commit Dacoity/Robbery | Section 309(5) & 312 BNS /Section 393/398 IPCTwo sections. | Several sections | 387 |
| Making Preparation and Assembly for committing Dacoity | Section 310(4) & 310(5) BNS /Section 399 & 402 IPCTwo sub-sections of s. 310 and nothing else, so the head is narrower than the section; the rest of s. 310 is counted under Dacoity at Sl 67. We have no BNS 310 page. | Sub-section | 2,998 |
| Criminal Misappropriation | Section 314 / 315 r/w other BNS Crimes /Section 403/404 IPCTwo sections, and NCRB’s own definition leaves the boundary open with “r/w other BNS Crimes”. | Several sections | 231 |
| Criminal Breach of Trust | Section 316 BNS /Section 406-409 IPCFour IPC sections became the sub-sections of one BNS section, so the head maps cleanly on the BNS side even though it does not on the IPC side. | One section | 21,251 |
| Dishonestly Receiving/Dealing-in Stolen Property | Section 317 BNS /Section 411-414 IPC | One section | 9,358 |
| Burglary | Section 329(4),332-334 r/w Section 303 or 331 r/w 305 BNS /Section 454-460 r/w 380 IPCSeven BNS sections, read with the theft provisions. This is the single most compound head in the glossary, and the reason our BNS 303 page carries no NCRB figure: part of this head’s 107,532 cases are s. 303 cases and nobody can say what part. | Several sections | 1,07,532 |
| Counterfeit Coin | Section 178-181,187-188 BNS / Section 231-235, 237, 238-240 & 242-254 IPCSix BNS sections, and ss. 178 to 181 are shared with three other heads — Government stamps (Sl 75) and currency notes (Sl 77) are counted under the same provisions. Table 1.2 publishes one aggregate “Counterfeiting” head of 746 cases covering Sl 74 to Sl 77. | Several sections | not counted |
| Counterfeiting Government Stamp | Section 178-181, 183-186 BNS /Section 255-260 IPCEight BNS sections, overlapping Sl 74 and Sl 77. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Counterfeiting” head, 746 cases. | Several sections | not counted |
| Counterfeiting of Seal or Mark | Section 341 (1)(2)(3)(4) BNS /Section 472/473 IPC) (341(2)(3)NCRB’s cell contradicts itself — it names sub-sections (1) to (4) and then trails “(341(2)(3)” — and is reproduced exactly as printed. The MHA concordance maps only ss. 472 and 473 IPC here, to BNS 341(1) and 341(2); 341(3) and (4) are new in the BNS and have no IPC counterpart, so the head as defined is wider than the IPC sections beside it. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Counterfeiting” head, 746 cases. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Counterfeit currency & Bank notes | Section 178-181 BNS /Section 489-A to 489-E IPCFour BNS sections, the same four as Sl 74 and part of Sl 75. The concordance also maps s. 489E IPC to BNS 182, which NCRB’s range does not reach. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Counterfeiting” head, 746 cases. | Several sections | not counted |
| Fraud | Section 318(4) r/w Section 336(2)(3)(4), 340(2) BNS/IT Act /Section 420 r/w 465,468-471 IPC/IT ActThree BNS sections read together, plus the Information Technology Act, so part of this head is not a BNS offence at all. Table 1.2 publishes one aggregate “Forgery, Cheating & Fraud” head of 192,382 cases covering Sl 78 to Sl 80. | Several sections | not counted |
| Cheating | Section 318 (4) BNS) /Section 420 IPC/ r/w IT ActNCRB counts s. 318(4) — cheating with dishonest inducement to deliver property — and not the whole of s. 318, so the head is narrower than the section our BNS 318 page covers: simple cheating under s. 318(2) is not in it. Table 1.2 counts it inside the aggregate “Forgery, Cheating & Fraud” head, 192,382 cases; the separate figure of 116,219 for Cheating comes from Table 17A.1 (Sl 53B) and is carried in src/lib/bareAct/ncrb.ts. | Sub-section | not counted |
| Forgery | Section 338,336(3)(4),340(2),339 BNS /Section 467-469,471-474 IPC/ r/w IT ActFour BNS sections. Counted inside Table 1.2’s aggregate “Forgery, Cheating & Fraud” head, 192,382 cases. | Several sections | not counted |
| Abetment outside India for Offence in India | Section 48 BNSNew in the BNS. One case nationally in 2024. | One section | 1 |
| Offences relating to Elections | Section 173 to 177 BNS/ 171-e to 171-I IPCFive sections. The MHA concordance has no row at all for s. 171-I IPC and none for BNS 177, so the two ends of NCRB’s range are the one pairing the concordance cannot confirm. | Several sections | 2,041 |
| Disobedience to order duly promulgated by Public Servant | Section 223 BNS /Section 188 IPC | One section | 56,087 |
| Harbouring an Offender | Section 249/253/254 BNS /Section 212/216/216A IPCThree sections. | Several sections | 60 |
| Rash Driving on Public way | Section 281 or Section 281 r/w Section 125(a)(b) BNS/Section 279 or 279 r/w 336-338 IPCTwo sections: s. 281 alone, or s. 281 read with s. 125. It shares s. 125 with the head at Sl 41, so the two cannot be added. | Several sections | 4,35,173 |
| Obstruction on Public way | Section 285 BNS /Section 283 IPC | One section | 1,42,115 |
| Sale of obscene Books/Objects | Section 294 & 295 BNS /Section 292-293 IPCTwo sections: sale of obscene material generally (294) and sale to a young person (295). | Several sections | 92 |
| Obscene acts and songs at public Places | Section 296 BNS /Section 294 IPCA numbering trap worth naming: IPC 294 is this offence, and BNS 294 is the sale of obscene material at Sl 87. | One section | 40,919 |
| Offences relating to Religion | Section 298 to 301 BNS /Section 295-297 IPCFour BNS sections. NCRB writes the IPC side as 295-297, which on the concordance is four provisions because s. 295A sits inside that range. | Several sections | 2,306 |
| Cheating by Impersonation | Section 319 BNS /Section 419 IPC | One section | 713 |
| Offences related to Mischief | 324(5)(6),326(a)(b)(c)(d) BNS /Section 428-433 IPCTwo sections. The BNS and IPC sides do not line up on the concordance: ss. 428 and 429 IPC map to BNS 325, which the head does not name, while BNS 324(5) is new in the BNS and 324(6) answers to s. 440 IPC, which is outside the range NCRB prints. | Several sections | 5,361 |
| Arson | Section 326(f),326(G) & 327 (2) BNS /Section 435,436 & 438 IPCTwo sections, and s. 326 is shared with the Mischief head at Sl 91. | Several sections | 7,508 |
| Criminal Trespass | Section 329(3) BNS /Section 447-252 IPCSub-section 329(3) only. NCRB prints the IPC range as “447-252”, which is a typo for 447-452 and is reproduced as printed; and on the concordance that range is not one sub-section but four provisions — 447 to 329(3), 448 to 329(4), 449 to 451 to s. 332 and 452 to s. 333. | Sub-section | 38,702 |
| Circulate False/Fake News/Rumours | Section 353 BNS/ Section 353 r/w IT Act /Section 505 IPC r/w IT ActAnother numbering trap: IPC 353 (assault to deter a public servant) became BNS 132, while BNS 353 is this offence and answers to s. 505 IPC. | One section | 2,403 |
| Voluntarily Causing Simple Hurt | Voluntarily causing Simple Hurt (Section 323 IPC)Excluded from the 2024 cognizable heads: the BNS makes the offence non-cognizable, so NCRB stopped counting it and the head has no entry in the 2024 glossary. The provision still exists — the MHA concordance maps s. 323 IPC to BNS 115(2), which our BNS 115 page covers — but nothing counts it, so the row carries no figure and no link. The last published figure is 3,08,238 cases, Crime in India 2022, Table 1.2. That is not an estimate of 2024; it is the last count that exists. | No equivalent | not counted |
| Offences relating to Adulteration or Sale of Food and Drugs | Offences relating to Adulteration or sale of food/drugs (272-276 IPC)Excluded from the 2024 cognizable heads as non-cognizable under the BNS. The five IPC sections map on the concordance to BNS 274 to 278, so there is no single successor provision and no link. Last published figure 4,694 cases, Crime in India 2022, Table 1.2. | No equivalent | not counted |
| Criminal Intimidation | Criminal intimidation (Section 506 IPC)Excluded from the 2024 cognizable heads as non-cognizable under the BNS. The concordance maps s. 506 IPC to BNS 351(2) and 351(3), and our BNS 351 page explains that the offence is non-cognizable throughout; the row carries no link because there is no 2024 head behind it. Last published figure 1,50,932 cases, Crime in India 2022, Table 1.2 — the largest single head to leave the national crime statistics. | No equivalent | not counted |
The section numbers are NCRB’s own, from the glossary published with the volume, and were checked against the Ministry of Home Affairs corresponding-section table.[5] Where a head links, it goes to our page on that section. If you are converting a section number the other way, the IPC to BNS converter covers the whole Code, not just the heads NCRB counts.
The full dataset, and where else to get it
Three CSVs, free, no signup. If another source serves you better, it is named here with the reason.
| File | What it holds |
|---|---|
| crime-funnel.csv | What happens to 100 cases, with the basis of each stage. |
| crime-heads.csv | Every NCRB crime head with cases registered in 2024. |
| crime-head-bns-mapping.csv | Every crime head mapped to the IPC section and the BNS section in force. |
NCRB itself
The primary source: three volumes as PDF, plus 293 individual 2024 tables as PDF and XLSX.
Authoritative, and everything here comes from it. No CSV, no API. The 2023 and 2024 files share one flat directory with near-identical names — TABLE11.xlsx is Table 1.1 of 2023, TABLE119.xlsx is Table 1.1 of 2024 — so a guessed filename can silently give the wrong year.
dataful.in
An NCRB collection of 14 datasets covering 2001 to 2024, free as CSV, XLSX and PARQUET, at year, State, crime-head and city granularity.
They cover a far longer period than this page does, and for the full time series in a spreadsheet you should go to them rather than to us. What they do not do is interpret — the collection is download cards, with no charts or findings. Watch one thing: their series merges the post-July-2024 BNS heads into the IPC series, which is the comparability problem this page breaks its own chart over.
OpenCity
A CKAN mirror of the NCRB volumes and 14 of the 2024 tables, with a working API and no key required.
The most convenient machine-readable route to the original files. It mirrors NCRB rather than adding to it, and holds a subset of the tables.
data.gov.in
The Government’s open data platform, which has carried Crime in India catalogues in past years.
We could not verify it. Every catalogue page tried timed out or returned an empty JavaScript shell, and the public sample API key returned rate-limit then gateway errors. We record that we could not reach it rather than describe what it holds.
If you are here because something has happened to you
These figures describe whole systems, not your case. What matters for yours is which offence it is, which forum it goes to, and what you file.
Method, and what we deliberately did not calculate
Every figure here is read from a primary NCRB document and checked against NCRB's own arithmetic. Where a question cannot be answered honestly from this data, it is left unanswered and the reason is given.
Where the figures come from
Tables 17A.1 and 18A.1 of Crime in India 2024 for disposal, Volume I Table 1.1 for national totals and rates. NCRB publishes these as PDF and one XLSX per table. There is no CSV and no API anywhere on its site.
How they were extracted and checked
Each table was reconciled against the arithmetic NCRB prints in its own column headings — fifteen identities, such as “Total Charge sheeted (Col.16+Col.17)”. All hold, and Table 18A.1’s “Cases Sent for Trial” equals Table 17A.1’s “Total Charge sheeted” exactly, checking the two tables against each other. The build fails if any stops holding.
What the rates are rates of
Chargesheeting rate = charge sheets over cases the police disposed of. Conviction rate = convictions over trials completed. Both denominators are printed beside the rate, because quoting either as a share of cases registered is the commonest error made with this data.
Population and crime rates
Rates are per lakh of the Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections, July 2020, National Commission on Population, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. There has been no census since 2011, so every rate here is measured against a projection made in 2020. NCRB uses the actual 2011 Census population for the 19 metropolitan cities, which is why it warns that city rates and State rates are not comparable.
What was left out
Metropolitan-city tables, because NCRB uses a different population basis for them and warns they are not comparable with State figures. Special and Local Laws heads are in the national totals but are not mapped to BNS sections, not being Penal Code offences.
A caution about the 2024 front matter
The methodology chapter published with Crime in India 2024 still calls the reference year 2023 and carries an unfilled placeholder; the disclaimer still cites the 2022 population. The tables are correct and internally consistent. Nothing date-specific here comes from that front matter.
What we deliberately did not calculate
- Why is there no ranking of States by crime rate?
- A crime rate is a rate of recorded crime. A State where reporting is easy and the police register what is reported produces a higher number than one where they do not — and the higher number is the better-governed place. Ranking on it rewards under-registration, so we publish every State and refuse to order them by it.
- Why is there no statement that crime is rising or falling?
- Every change in a registration figure has at least two candidate explanations — the amount of crime, and the propensity to record it — and this data cannot separate them. A change in registration is reported as a change in registration.
- Why is there no conviction rate per 100 cases registered?
- No such cohort exists in the data. The cases convicted in 2024 were mostly registered earlier, and most registered in 2024 had not reached trial. Dividing one by the other gives a number with no referent. We give convictions against cases before the courts instead, and name that denominator.
- Why is there no forecast of when the trial backlog clears?
- The queue is stated as years of work at the current disposal rate, which describes the present. A forecast would need assumptions about filing and disposal that nothing in this data supports.
NCRB marks the cases-pending-investigation figures provisional, pending clarifications from Manipur.
Questions about these figures
What is the conviction rate in India?
NCRB puts it at 53.3% for 2024. That is convictions divided by the trials that were completed during the year — 8,45,098 convictions in 15,84,487 completed trials. It is not the share of reported crimes that end in conviction. Measured against every case that was before a criminal court during 2024, convictions were 4.6%.
How many crimes were registered in India in 2024?
NCRB recorded 35,44,608 cognizable offences under the Indian Penal Code and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, and 23,41,259 under Special and Local Laws, for a total of 58,85,867. The crime rate was 252.3 per lakh for IPC and BNS offences and 418.9 per lakh for all cognizable crime.
Did crime in India fall in 2024?
Registered crime fell 6.0% against 2023 on NCRB’s own figures. But 2024 is the first year in which three crime heads were dropped from the count because the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita makes them non-cognizable, and when those heads were last counted they were worth about 4.64 lakh cases. A fall in registration is not the same as a fall in crime, and part of this one is a change in what gets counted.
Which is the latest NCRB Crime in India report?
Crime in India 2024. A Ministry of Home Affairs reply to the Lok Sabha, published by the Press Information Bureau on 21 July 2026, confirms the latest published report is for 2024. A March 2026 reply still said 2023, so the volume appeared between those dates. Nothing for 2025 exists yet.
Why do NCRB crime heads still cite Indian Penal Code sections?
Because the heads were built on the IPC and the statute changed underneath them. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita replaced the IPC on 1 July 2024, so the 2024 volume counts IPC offences for January to June and BNS offences from July to December within the same head. NCRB’s glossary gives both section numbers for each head, and the mapping table on this page carries them across to the section in force.
How many cases are pending trial in India?
At the end of 2024, 1,66,44,622 cases were pending trial for cognizable IPC and BNS offences — 90.3% of everything the criminal courts were holding. The courts disposed of 17,83,138 cases during the year, so the queue is about 9.3 years of work at that rate. That is a description of the present, not a forecast.
Sources
Every document behind a figure on this page, linked to the original. Nothing here is sourced from a news report or an aggregator.
- 1
National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2024, Table 17A.1 — “Police Disposal of IPC/BNS Crime Cases (Crime Head-wise) – 2024”, read 26 September 2026.
Every police-side figure on this page: cases pending investigation, registered, chargesheeted, closed by final report, and the chargesheeting rate with its denominator.
- 2
National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2024, Table 18A.1 — “Court Disposal of IPC/BNS Crime Cases (Crime Head-wise) – 2024”, read 26 September 2026.
Every court-side figure: cases pending trial, sent for trial, trials completed, convicted, acquitted and discharged, and the conviction rate with its denominator.
- 3
National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2024, Volume III — “Crime in India 2024, Volume III”, read 26 September 2026.
The volume the two disposal tables sit in, and NCRB’s own notes on what each column counts.
- 4
National Crime Records Bureau, ncrb.gov.in, crime-in-india-table-content.html?year=2024 — “Crime in India 2024 — Table Contents listing”, read 26 September 2026.
The per-table listing, which is the basis for this page’s statement about the formats NCRB releases: 293 individual XLSX files for 2024, no CSV and no API anywhere on the site.
- 5
Ministry of Home Affairs (NCRB CyTrain copy), MHA corresponding-section table — “Corresponding sections — Indian Penal Code 1860 to Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023”, read 13 September 2026.
The IPC-to-BNS concordance behind the crime-head mapping table. It is the same artefact as the UP Police comparative PDF, not an independent corroboration.
Use this data
Published under CC BY 4.0. Reuse anything here, including the charts, with credit.
GetNyay, “India Crime Data Tracker”, compiled from National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2024, Tables 17A.1 and 18A.1. Updated 26 September 2026. CC BY 4.0. https://getnyay.in/data/crime